Selected literature

1. Vallance P, Leone A, Calver A, Collier J, Moncada S. Endogenous dimethyl-arginine as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1992; 20 (Suppl. 12): S60 - S62
2. Vallance P, Leone A, Calver A, Collier J, Moncada S. Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis in chronic renal failure. Lancet 1992; 339: 572 - 575
3. Faraci FM, Brian JE, Heistad DD. Response of cerebral blood vessels to an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Am. J. Physiol. 1995; 269: H1522 - H1527
4. Kurose I, Wolf R, Grisham MB, Granger DN. Effects of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis on postcapillary venules. Am. J. Physiol. 1995; 268: H2224 - H2231
5. Segarra G, Medina P, Ballester RM, , Lluch P, Aldasoro M, Vila JM, Lluch S, Pelligrino DA. Effects of some guanidino compounds on human cerebral arteries. Stroke 1999; 30: 2206 - 2211
6. Tsikas D, Sandmann J, Böger RH, Gutzki FM, Mayer B, Frölich JC. Assessment of nitric oxide synthase activity by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 2000; 742: 143 - 153
7. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Thiele W, Junker W, Alexander K, Frölich JC. Biochemical evidence for impaired nitric oxide synthesis in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Circulation 1997; 95: 2068 - 2074
8. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Szuba A, Tangphao O, Tsao PS, Chan JR, Blaschke TF, Cooke JP. Asymmetric dimethylarginine: a novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 1998; 98: 1842 - 1847
9. Kielstein JT, Bode-Böger SM, Frölich JC, Haller HH, Böger RH. Relationship of ADMA to dialysis treatment and atherosclerotic disease. Kidney Int. 2001; 59 (Suppl. 78): S9 - S13
10. Rawal N, Rajpurohit R, Lischwe MA, Williams KR, Paik WK, Kim S. Structural specifity of substrate for S-adenosylmethionine:protein arginine N-methyltransferases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995; 1248: 11 - 18
11. Böger RH, Sydow K, Borlak J, Thum T, Lenzen H, Schubert B, Tsikas D, Bode-Böger SM. LDL Cholesterol upregulates synthesis of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in human endothelial cells. Involvement of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. Circ. Res. 2000; 87: 99 - 105
12. Zoccali C. Cardiovascular risk in uraemic patients: is it fully explained by classical risk factors? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2000; 15: 454-456
13. Vane JR, Anggard EE, Botting RM. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990; 323: 27-36
14. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Frölich JC. The L-arginine - nitric oxide pathway: Role in atherosclerosis and therapeutic implications. Atherosclerosis 1996; 127: 1-11
15. Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 1980; 288: 373 - 376
16. Böger RH. The emerging role of asymmetric dimethylarginine as a novel cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovasc. Res. 2003; 59: 824-833
17. Klatt P, Schmidt K, Uray G, Mayer B. Multiple catalytic functions of brain nitric oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 268: 14781-14787
18. Vasquez-Vivar J, Kalyanaraman B, Martasek P, Hogg N, Masters BS, Karoui H, Tordo P, Pritchard KA jr. Superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase: the influence of cofactors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998; 95: 9220-9225
19. Pritchard KA, Groszek L, Smalley DM, Sessa WC, WU M, Villalon P, Wolin MS, Stemerman MB. Native low-density lipoprotein increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase generation of superoxide anion. Circ. Res. 1995; 77: 510-518
20. Böger RH. Die Entdeckung eines neuen kardiovaskulären Risikofaktors. Hemmung der endothelialen NO-Synthase durch asymmetrisches Dimethylarginin. Int. Prax. 2003; 43: 371-384
21. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Tsao PS, Lin PS, Chan JR, Cooke JP. An endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase regulates endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000; 36: 2287-2295
22. Chan JR, Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Tangphao O, Tsao PS, Blaschke TF, Cooke JP. Asymmetric dimethylarginine increases mononuclear cell adhesiveness in hypercholesterolemic humans. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000; 20: 1040 - 1046
23. Böger RH, Zoccali C. ADMA: A novel risk factor that explains excess cardiovascular event rate in patient swith end-stage renal disease. Atherosclerosis Suppl. 2003; 4: 23-28
24. Ogawa T, Kimoto M, Sasaoka K. Occurrence of a new enzyme catalysing the direct conversion of NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine to L-citrulline in rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1987; 148: 671-677
25. MacAllister RJ, Parry H, Kimoto M, Ogawa T, Russell RJ, Hodson H, Whitley GS, Vallance P. Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1996; 119: 1533 - 1540
26. Ito A, Tsao PS, Adimoolam S, Kimoto M, Ogawa T, Cooke JP. Novel mechanism for endothelial dysfunction. Dysregulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation 1999; 99: 3092 - 3095
27. Stühlinger MC, Tsao PS, Her JH, Kimoto M, Balint RF, Cooke JP. Homocysteine impairs the nitric oxide synthase pathway. Role of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Circulation 2001; 104: 2569-2575
28. Kielstein JT, Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine plasma concentrations differ in patients with end-stage renal disease: Relationship to treatment method and atherosclerotic disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1999; 10: 594-600
29. Zoccali C, Bode-Böger SM, Mallamaci F, Benedetto FA, Tripepi G, Malatino L, Cataliotti A, Bellanuova I, Fermo I, Frölich JC, Böger RH. Asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA): An endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase predicts mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Lancet 2001; 358: 2113-2117
30. Surdacki A, Nowicki M, Sandmann J, Tsikas D, Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Kruszelnicka-Kwiatkowska O, Kokot F, Dubiel J, Frölich JC. Reduced urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites and increased plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in men with essential hypertension. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1999; 33: 652 - 658
31. Goonasekera CD, Shah V, Rees DD, Dillon MJ. Vascular endothelial cell activation associated with increased plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine in children and young adults with hypertension: a basis for atheroma? Blood Press. 2000; 9: 16-21
32. Chen BM, Xia LW, Zhao RQ. Determination of N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B. 1997; 692: 467-71
33. Holden DP, Fickling SA, Whitley GS, Nussey SS. Plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine, a natural inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1998; 178: 551-556
34. Fickling SA, Williams D, Vallance P, Nussey SS, Whitley GS. Plasma concentrations of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1993; 342: 242-243
35. Savvidou MD, Hingorani AD, Tsikas D, Frölich JC, Vallance P, Nicolaides KH. Endothelial dysfunction and raised plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine in pregnant women who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2003; 361: 1511-1517
36. Gorenflo M, Zheng C, Werle E, Fiehn W, Ulmer HE. Plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2001; 37: 489-92.
37. Valkonen VP, Päivä H, Salonen JT, Lakka TA, Lehtimäki T, Laakso J, Laaksonen R. Risk of acute coronary events and serum concentration of asymmetrical dimethylarginine. Lancet 2001; 358: 2127-2128
38. Böger RH, Lenzen H, Hanefeld C, Bartling A, Osterziel KJ, Kusus M, Schmidt-Lucke C, Strödter D, Berger J, Goudeva L, Mügge A. Asymmetric dimethylarginine: an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase is a predictor of the risk for coronary heart disease - Results of the multicenter CARDIAC study. Circulation 2003; 108 (Suppl. IV): IV-256
39. Yoo JH, Lee SC. Elevated levels of plasma homocyst(e)ine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in elderly patients with stroke. Atherosclerosis 2001; 158: 425-30.
40. Sydow K, Schwedhelm E, Arakawa N, Bode-Böger SM, Tsikas D, Hornig B, Frölich JC, Böger RH. ADMA and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia. Effects of L-arginine and B vitamins. Cardiovasc. Res. 2003; 57: 244-252
41. Usui M, Matsuoka H, Miyazaki H, Ueda S, Okuda S, Imaizumi T. Increased endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in patients with congestive heart failure. Life Sci. 1998; 62: 2425-2430
42. Hermenegildo C, Medina P, Peiro M, Segarra G, Vila JM, Ortega J, Lluch S. Plasma concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is elevated in hyperthyroid patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2002; 87: 5636-5640
43. MacAllister RJ, Rambausek MH, Vallance P, Williams D, Hoffmann KH, Ritz E. Concentration of dimethyl-L-arginine in the plasma of patients with end-stage renal failure. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1996; 11: 2449-2452
44. Anderstam B, Katzarski K, Bergstrom J. Serum levels of NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine, a potential endogenous nitric oxide inhibitor in dialysis patients. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1997; 8: 1437-1442
45. Al Banchaabouchi M, Marescau B, Possemiers I, D`Hooge R, Levillain O, de Deyn PP. NG, NG-dimethylarginine and NG, N`G-dimethylarginine in renal insufficiency. Eur. J. Physiol. 2000 ; 439 : 524-531
46. Fleck C, Janz A, Schweitzer F, Karge E, Schwertfeger M, Stein G. Serum concentrations of asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine in renal failure patients. Kidney Int. 2001; 59 (Suppl. 78): S14-S18
47. Wahbi N, Dalton RN, Turner C, Denton M, Abbs I, Swaminathan R. Dimethyl-arginines in chronic renal failure. J. Clin. Pathol. 2001; 54: 470-473
48. Kielstein JT, Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Frölich JC, Haller H, Ritz E, Fliser D. Marked increase of asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with incipient primary chronic renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002; 13: 170-176
49. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Thiele W, Creutzig A, Alexander K, Frölich JC. Restoring vascular NO formation by L-arginine improves the symptoms of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 32: 1336-1344
50. Hornig B, Arakawa N, Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Frölich JC, Drexler H. Plasma levels of ADMA are increased and inversely related to endothelium-mediated vasodilation in patients with chronic heart failure: a new predictor of endothelial dysfunction? Circulation 1998; 98 (Suppl.): I-318
51. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Maas R, Benedetto FA, Tripepi G, Malatino L, Cataliotti A, Bellanuova I, Böger RH. Left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac remodelling and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2002; 62: 339-345
52. Calver A, Collier J, Leone A, Moncada S, Vallance P. Effect of local intra-arterial asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on the forearm arteriolar bed of healthy volunteers. J. Hum. Hypertens. 1993; 7: 193-194
53. Achan V, Broadhead M, Malaki M, Whitley G, Leiper J, MacAllister R, Vallance P. Asymmetric dimethylarginine causes hypertension and cardiac dysfunction in humans and is actively metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2003; 23: 1455-1459
54. Abbasi F, Asagmi T, Cooke JP, Lamendola C, McLaughlin T, Reaven GM, Stühlinger M, Tsao PS. Plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001; 88: 1201-1203
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55. Fard A, Tuck CH, Donis JA, Sciacca R, Di Tullio MR, Wu HD, Bryant TA, Chen NT, Torres-Tamayo M, Ramasamy R, Berglund L, Ginsberg HN, Homma S, Cannon PJ. Acute elevations of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and impaired endothelial function in response to a high-fat meal in patients with type 2 diabetes. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000; 20: 2039-2044
56. Stühlinger M, Abbasi F, Chu JW, Lamendola C, McLaughlin TL, Cooke JP, Reaven GM, Tsao PS. Relationship between insulin resistance and an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2002; 287: 1420-1426
57. Lin KY, Ito A, Asagami T, Tsao PS, Adimoolam S, Kimoto M, Tsuji H, Reaven GM, Cooke JP. Impaired nitric oxide synthase pathway in diabetes mellitus. Role of asymmetric dimethylarginine and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation 2002; 106: 987-992
58. Ito A, Egashira K, Narishige T, Muramatsu K, Takeshita A. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity is involved in the mechanism of increased endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circ. J. 2002; 66: 811-815
59. Xiong Y, Fu YF, Fu SH, Zhou HH. Elevated levels of the serum endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and metabolic control in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2003; 42: 191-196
60. Asagami T, Abbasi F, Stühlinger M, Lamendola C, McLaughlin T, Cooke JP, Reaven GM, Tsao PS. Metformin treatment lowers asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2002; 51: 843-846
61. Lundman P, Eriksson MJ, Stühlinger M, Cooke JP, Hamsten A, Tornvall P. Mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia in young men is associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001; 38: 111-116
62. Ellis J, Wennerholm UB, Bengtsson A, Lilja H, Pettersson A, Sultan B, Wennergren M, Hagberg H. Levels of dimethylarginines and cytokines in mild and severe preeclampsia. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 2001; 80: 602-608
63. Pettersson A, Hedner T, Milsom I. Increased circulating concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, in preeclampsia. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 1998; 77: 808-813
64. Maas R, Schwedhelm E, Albsmeier J, Böger RH. The pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction related to endothelial dysfunction and mediators of vascular function. Vasc. Med. 2002; 7: 213-225
65. Zorgniotti AW, Lizza EF. Effect of large doses of the nitric oxide precursor, L-arginine, on erectile dysfunction. Int. J. Impot. Res. 1994; 6: 33-35
66. Chen J, Wollman Y, Chernichovsky T, Iaina A, Sofer M, Matzkin H. Effect of oral administration of high-dose nitric oxide donor L-arginine in men with organic erectile dysfunction: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Brit. J. Urol. Int. 1999; 83: 269-273
67. Nijveldt RJ, Teerlink T, Van Der Hoven B, Siroen MP, Kuik DJ, Rauwerda JA, van Leeuwen PA. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in critically ill patients: high plasma ADMA concentration is an independent risk factor of ICU mortality. Clin Nutr. 2003; 22: 23-30
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70. Schulze F, Wesemann R, Schwedhelm E, Sydow K, Albsmeier J, Cooke JP, Böger RH. Determination of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) by a novel ELISA assay. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2004; in press
71. Böger RH. Association of asymmetric dimethylarginine and endothelial dysfunction. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2003; 41: 1467-1472
72. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Kienke S, Nafe R, Stan AC, Frölich JC. Dietary L-arginine decreases myointimal cell proliferation and vascular leukocyte accumulation in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 1998; 136: 67 - 77
73. Zoccali C, Benedetto FA, Maas R, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Malatino L, Fermo I, Böger RH. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), C-reactive protein, and carotid intima media-thickness in end-stage renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002; 13: 490-496
74. Schächinger V, Britten MB, Zeiher AM. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation 2000; 101: 1899-1906
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76. Bode-Böger SM, Muke J, Surdacki A, Brabant G, Böger RH, Frölich JC. Oral L-arginine improves endothelial function in healthy individuals older than 70 years. Vasc. Med. 2003; 8: 77-81
77. Tsikas D, Böger RH, Sandmann J, Bode-Böger SM, Frölich JC. Hypothesis: Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors are responsible for the L-arginine paradox. FEBS Lett. 2000; 23810: 1 - 3
78. Rector TS, Bank AJ, Mullen KA, Tschumperlin LK, Sih R, Pillai K, Kubo SH. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplental oral L-arginine in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1996; 93: 2135-2141
79. Ceremuzynksi L, Chamiec T, Herbacynska-Cedro K. Effect of supplemental oral L-arginine on exercise capacity in patients with stable angina pectoris. Am. J. Cardiol. 1997; 80: 331-333
80. Maxwell AJ, Anderson BE, Cooke JP. Nutritional therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of HeartBar. Vasc. Med. 2000; 5: 11-19
81. Tousoulis D, Davies G, Tentolouris C, Crake T, Toutouzas P. Coronary stenosis dilatation induced by L-arginine. Lancet 1997; 349: 1812-1813
82. Janatuinen T, Laakso J, Laaksonen R, Vesalainen R, Nuutila P, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Knuuti J. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine modifies the effect of pravastatin on myocardial blood flow in young adults. Vasc. Med. 2003;8: 185-189
83. Böger RH. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) modulates endothelial function - therapeutic implications [Editorial]. Vasc. Med. 2003; 8: 149-151
84. Böger GI, Maas R, Schwedhelm E, Bierend A, Benndorf R, Kastner M, Steenpaß A, Böger RH. Improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation by simvastatin is potentiated by combination with L-arginine sustained release in patients with elevated ADMA levels. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004, 34: 525A
85. Delles C, Schneider MP, John S, Gekle M, Schmieder RE. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II AT1-receptor blockade reduce the levels of asymmetrical N(G), N(G)-dimethylarginine in human essential hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 2002; 15: 590-593
86. Ito A, Egashira K, Narishige T, Muramatsu K, Takeshita A. Renin-angiotensin system is involved in the mechanism of increased serum asymmetric dimethylarginine in essential hypertension. Jpn. Circ. J. 2001; 65: 775-778
87. Asagami T, Abbasi F, Stühlinger M, Lamendola C, McLaughlin T, Cooke JP, Reaven GM, Tsao PS. Metformin lowers asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2002; 51: 843-846
88. Teerlink T, Neele SJ, DeJong S, Netelenbos JC, Stehouwer CD. Estrogen replacement therapy lowers plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in healthy postmenopausal women. Clin. Sci. 2003; 2003; 105: 67-71
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